Chapter 11:The Partial Nature of Metaphorical Structuring

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My Summary of Chapter 11
1. Metaphorical concepts are systematically structured, such as TIME IS MONEY or THEORIES ARE BUILDINGS, where only certain parts are used in the metaphor.
2. Literal language reflects these used parts (e.g., "construct a theory"), while figurative language explores unused parts (e.g., "His theory has rooms and corridors").
3. Imaginative metaphors can extend the used parts or introduce entirely new ways of thinking, such as "Classical theories are patriarchs."
4. Some metaphorical expressions, like "foot of the mountain," are isolated and do not interact with other metaphors, making them marginal in our conceptual system.
5. While these isolated expressions can be extended in specific contexts or subcultures, they do not play significant roles in normal thought processes.
6. Systematic metaphors, such as "wasting time" or "attacking positions," are central to how we think and act, remaining "alive" in language and thought.
7. The key difference between systematic and isolated metaphors is their integration into our broader conceptual system, with systematic metaphors shaping our daily thinking and actions.
My Reflection
The text offers a valuable insight into how metaphors are deeply embedded in our understanding and communication. Metaphors like "TIME IS MONEY" or "THEORIES ARE BUILDINGS" are not just linguistic tools, but cognitive frameworks that structure the way we think and solve problems. These systematic metaphors help make abstract concepts more tangible, guiding our actions and shaping our worldview.
The distinction between systematic and isolated metaphors further highlights the varying degrees of influence metaphors have on our language. While systematic metaphors are central to everyday thinking and communication, isolated metaphors, though less prominent, can still offer new perspectives in specific contexts. This underscores the adaptability of metaphors as they evolve to fit different uses.
Ultimately, the text emphasizes that metaphors are more than stylistic devices; they are fundamental to how we structure and understand our reality. This reflection deepens our understanding of the significant role metaphors play in language, culture, and cognition, influencing how we express and interpret complex ideas.