中式英语之鉴 4

翟芮冉

英语2301翟芮冉
过度的引导性动词短语
A: lt is especially necessary to make great efforts to assimilate the achievements ofother cultures
B: it is especially necessary to assimilate the achievements of other cultures重要的是 assimilate，take effort 是显而易见的，所以不需要这么说补充:make every effort to, try our best to, do our utmost to, do everythingpossible to 等等
A: all enterprises must pay attention to promoting excellent workersB: all enterprises must see to it that excellent workers are promoted企业不是必须“注意”做什么而是必须做什么
d)其它例子
ports of foreign automobiles have declined sharply this yearB:imports of automobiles have declined sharply this year
进口的肯定是 foreign 的
A: the long-term stability and prosperity of Hong Kong will be assured as long asChina widely unites the Hong Kong people from all walks of life
B: the long-term stability and prosperity of Hong Kong wil be assured as long asChina unites the Hong Kong people from all walks of life
与短语"from all walks of life“含义重复
A: they must also have some necessary knowledge about history and geographyB: they must also know something about history and geography'necessary"与"must have“重复
2.不言而喻的修饰
这类修饰语所表达的意思是理所当然，无需赘述的。
A: these nine years constitute a period in which the national economic strengthnasincreased
B:in these nine years the economy has grown stronger
除非特别说明，“the economy"的意思就是"the national economy“
A:departments of scientific research should take steps to make a properreadiustment of ...
B:departments of scientific research should readjust ...
'readjustment"应该要“proper”这是理所当然的
A: we should appropriately raise the purchasing prices of grain and cotton, so as toincrease
the income of the peasants considerably
B: we should raise the purchasing prices of grain and cotton, so as to increase the
income of
the peasants considerably
通常我们做任何事情都应该“适当”
al notes that in 1992, China will open wider to the outside world anddo an even better job in running the five special economic zones, as well as thenew Pudong development zone in China's leading industrial city of Shanghaiitorial notes that in 1992, China will open wider to the outside world anddo an even better job of running the five special economic zones, as well as thenew Pudong development zone in the leading industrial city of Shanghai即使是外国读者也应该知道，上海属于中国
3.强调成分
强调成分通常是形容词(如"serious""great")或副词(如
补充:pay needto,laystress on,attach importance to 等等A: the princ菥颓pal task at present is to do a good job in disseminating and applyingthe results of scientific and technological researchB: the principal task at present is to disseminate and apply the results of scientificand technological research逻辑上，这个任务不是“do agoodjob"而是“disseminate and apply”,加上此类短语会混淆重点，因此应该省略。补充:makeasuccess of,achieve success in,dosuccessful workin(以及，动词+形容词:be good at)等等。
判断的重要性
1、确保这个单词的确不必要
例如，“at presentitis necessary to."这个表达时间的名词短语并不总是多余的，可能意思是:这个需要只是暂时的，这时这个短语就不能删去了。
通常没什么意义的范畴名词偶尔也是发挥作用的:“inaccordance with thepr
lf-reliance, all army units should.." 像"make great efforts to" "paya""do agoodjob" 这些短语有时是表达了意
思的:"we must make great efforts in education"甚至有些为了引导其它动词的短语，也不是完全多余的:“wemust makegreat efforts to overcome this difficulty"可能表明这个任务将会特别艰巨。'China has always followed a policy of peaceful coexistence”这里的短语是表达意訌鵓瘦抹鲸丘思轵的必毜Ⅸ成分，显然需要保留。
2、联系上下文
例如，"we must follow the policy of putting quality first"这个短语只是"we mustalways put quality first”的中式英语?还是作者的真正意思是强调一项政策观
点?也许我们应该保留"policy“甚至彻底改动这个句子来强调它:"we mustmake it 聱our policy to put quality first.
.删掉多余的修饰语
1.多余修饰
许多从中文翻译过来的形容词和副词在英语中是多余的，它们的意思在它们所修饰的单词或其它句子成分中已经被包含或暗示了。a)明显的多余，
A: that theory too is a valuable ideological treasure of the PartyB: that theory too is an ideological treasure of the Party财富的就是有价值的
A: quadrupling GNP will provide a new starting point from which, in another 30 to50 years, we shall approach the level of the economically developed countries.B: quadrupling GNP will provide a new starting point from which, in another 30 to59 years, we shall approach the level of the developed countries.“发达国家”这个术语就是指经济上的发达
A: Singapore will bar America's popular female pop star Madonna from staging ashow in its territory.
B: Singapore will bar America's pop star Madonna from staging a show in itsterritory.
她如果不受欢迎那么她就不是一个明星，所以“popular"是不必要的(另一点是它和“pop”重复了)。以及对西方读者来说，即使有人从没听说过这位演出者也普遍认识“Madonna"这个女性名字，所以“female"是多余的
b)时间副词
通常动词的时态已经发挥了时间副词的作用。
A: now the government is working hard to improve taxation
B:the government is working hard to improve taxation
A: previously we used to overemphasize the need for class struggle
B:we used to overemphasize the need for class struggle
c)"various"
中文通常用“各种各样的"来表示复数，但在英语中是通过名词加“-s”来表明复数的，“various”通常是多余的。
A: more and more of our various construction projects require the efforts of their nd more of our construction projects require efforts of intellectuals
A: hundreds of transnational firms have started various businesses in Chinas of transnational firms have started businesses in China
"extremely""certainly")，来强调它们所修饰的词语。通常，一篇英语文章没有它们会更好。
a)带疲软词的强调成分
有分用来修饰一个疲软的或不充分的单词以期望增加它的力量。在英语中，这是一个无经验作者的标志。一个有技巧的作者会尝试从丰富的词汇量中找出一个明确的单词，来表达同样的意思。
A:I think there will definitely be genuine stability and unityB:l am certain that there will be genuine stability and unityA: I firmly believe that...
B崧:l am convinced that...
A: i can surely tell you that..
B: I can assure you that...
b)带有力词的强调成分
比如一个单词完全能够明确表达作者的想法，强调成分完全没有任何意义，即这个修饰词鴯鏊矍是多余的。
A: "All this conduct has severely damaged the reputation of the medical profession
and must be firmly banned," the minister said.Bhas severely damaged the reputation of the medical profession
and must be banned," the minister said.“ban”在英语意思中是在法律层面上禁止的，这个动作定义上就是“firmly"的A: the Civil Aviation Administration of China strongly demanded that the Taiwanauthorities take all measures possible to secure the safety of the plane and itspassengers
Aese practices should be totally abolished
B: 墑中these practices should be abolished
"abolish"包含了“完全”的意思，而不能部分废除某事
c)一般多余的强调成分
active/actively
A: active efforts should be made to develop small-scale miningB:efforts should be made to develop small-scale mining
"efforts"定义上就是积极的
effectiv啐嘛e/effectively
A: to benefit the people by means of an effective control of the Yellow RiverB:to benefit the people by controlling the Yellow River控制必须是有效控制