考古学家50年发掘 汉长安城格局基本清晰
考古学家50年发掘汉长安城格局基本清晰２２００多年前，西汉定都长安，即现在的陕西省西安市西北部，并在此延续了２００余年的统治。西汉是中国古代最繁荣的时期之一，都城长安曾与古罗马并列为古代东西方两大都会。汉长安城面积达３６平方公里，是古代面积最大的都城遗址之一，也是迄今保存最完整的古代都城遗址。据考古发现，汉长安城分１１个区，８条大街及１２个城门。８条大街宽度基本相同，都在４５－５５米左右。这显然是出自统一规划。”当时宫城内人口约有２４万，如果连周围的卫星城镇计算在内的话，人口可达１２０万。宫城内不同的区域，包括宫殿政治区、贵族豪宅区、普通居民区、手工作坊区、商业区等，与现代城市布局有几分相似。汉长安城皇宫--未央宫面积达５平方公里，是中国古代规模最大的一座皇宫，远大于北京明清紫禁城的０．７２４平方公里。作为都城的政治中心，未央宫中部遗存看起来仅是一座小土丘，从夯土的高度和遗留下来柱础石（支撑大殿柱子的石头）来看，这里一定存在过恢弘的建筑。除了恢宏的地上建筑，汉代宫城内的后妃宫殿之中存在多处地下通道，主要集中于太后居住的长乐宫、皇后居住的未央宫椒房殿、嫔妃居住的桂宫等地，这或许与当时宫廷复杂的政治斗争有关。“这些地下通道多发现于后宫或后妃宫殿之中，有的还设有门房，以控制人们的进出。
The Layout of the Ancient Chang’an City is still Clear after Fifty Years’ Excavation
Back to morethan 2,200 years ago, Western Han Dynasty established its capital in the ancient city, Chang’an, which is located now in the northwest of Xi’an City in Shaanxi Province. It served as its capital during its reign of over 200 years. The Western Han Dynasty was one of the most prosperous periods in the history of ancient China. This can be reflected from the mere fact that its capital was then regarded as the largest city in the Orient as was Roman in the West. The site of Chang’an City covers an area amounting to 36 square kilometers, which is now not only one of the largest capital relics but also the best preserved of its kind. According to the archaeological discoveries, the ancient Chang’an City consists of 11 districts, 8 avenues, and12 tower gates. With a variation from 45 meters to 55 meters, the 8 avenues have more or less the same width, which is apparently the result of a unified civicplan. It is guestimated that at that time there was a population of about 240,000 in the palace city alone and a population of about 1,200,000 if taking into consideration the population of its surrounding satellite towns and villages. It in some way or other and to adifferent level of degrees resembles modern city arrangements concerning its distribution of different zones, namely, the imperial political zone, the luxurious residence for the aristocrat, the ordinary living quarters for the commoner,the manual workshop zone and the bustling commercial zone. The imperial palace,Weiyang Palace,with an area of as much as 5 square kilometers, is the largest royal palace in ancient China,far larger than the Forbidden City of Ming and Qing dynasties, which has an area of merely 0.724 square kilometers. The site of the central part of Weiyang Palace, once the political center, appears like only a small mound. However, it is speculated that there must have been magnificent buildings on this small mound from the enormous height of tamped earth and the immensity of the plinth stones used for supporting pillars. Apart from those magnificent ground buildings, there are many underground channels, found mainly in the imperial harem and the palaces of imperial concubines, including Changle Palace where the queen mother lives, the queen’s Hall of Shufang in Weiyang Palace,and the Laurel Palace for the imperial concubines. Doors for controlling the entry and exit were installed inside these channels. It is said that this may be a reflection of the sophisticated political conflicts inthe imperial family.
页:
[1]