分享：汉语词组的翻译——名词性,修饰性和四字排比结构~~
关键词：中翻英,汉语词组
汉语词组很多，用法也很灵活，因此翻译的方法也不尽相同。这里我们针对常见但又有一些难度的汉语词组进行具体介绍，主要包括名词性词组、修饰性词组和四字排比结构三类。
一、汉语名词性词组的翻译
1、英语形容词用作修饰语
要点有二：准确运用形容词和多个注意形容词先后顺序。如：
淡季：low(dull/off/slack) season
额外收费：extra charge（或additional charge）
保暖内衣：thermal underwear
伪劣产品：counterfeit goods（或shoddy goods）
国际交流：international communication
2、英语分词用作修饰语
固定资产：fixed assets
有保留的赞扬：qualified praise
全力支持：unqualified support
有关部门：the departments concerned
预定到达时间：expected time of arrival（或scheduled arriving time）
3、英语介词短语用作修饰语
英文介词短语作修饰语时一般要放在中心词的后面。如：
飞行时间：duration of flying
成功而持久减肥的奥妙：the secret of successful and lasting weight loss
很有背景的人：a man with powerful emergencies（或a person with high-level connections）.
4、英语名词用作修饰语
务必要注意中心词与修饰语的位置。如：
平价商店：discount store
休闲场所：leisure facilities
经济作物：cash crop
基础学科：foundation subjects（或basic subjects）
人员不足：shortage of staff（或staff shortage）
5、英语动词不定式用作修饰语
英文的动词不定式作修饰语时一般要置于中心词之后。如：
即将被广为采用的营销战略：a marketing strategy soon to be widely adopted.
6、英语副词短语用作修饰语
英文的副词是不能单独修饰中心词的 但可以同其他成分如形容词或分词共同构成修饰语。如：
难以置信的好运气：incredibly good luck
幼稚可笑的错误：ridiculously naive fault
高收入工作：a well paid job
7、英语连字符构词作修饰语
在职培训：on-the-job training
售后服务：after-sale service
利益集团：special-interest group
节能冰柜：energy-efficient refrigerator
最新式的设备：state-of-the-art equipment
6岁的女孩：a 6-year-old girl
二、汉语修饰语词组的翻译
下面逐一举例说明将中文词组转化成从句、动词不定式、分词短语和介词短语等。
1、汉语词组转化为从句
1）那就是他们同意继续进行两岸对话的条件。
Those are conditions under which they will agree to continue talks between both sides of the Strait.
2）胡主席昨天在钓鱼台国宾馆会见了正在中国进行正式访问的美国总统奥巴马。
President Hu met at Diaoyutai State Guesthouse yesterday afternoon with the U.S. President Obama who
was on an official visit to China.
3）去不去的事由你来决定。
It's up to you to decide whether we should go or not.
2、汉语词组转化为动词不定式
1）为什么人服务的问题，是一个原则的问题。
To serve for whom is a matter of principle.
2）皮肤比较容易受到细菌感染。
Skin is liable to be affected by bacteria.
3）四川省是首先实行社会保险改革的省份之一。
Sichuan is one of the first provinces to introduce a social insurance reform.
3、汉语词组转化为分词或分词短语
1）他抽出枪就开始射击。
Snatching his gun, he began to fire，
2）谁来负责这个因管理不善而造成的亏损。
Who is responsible for the losses incurred because of poor management?
3）他们扛起铁锹和锄头就出发了。
They set out, shouldering spades and hoes.
4、汉语词组转化为介词短语
1）尽管有好多缺点，他是个严肃的人。
With all his shortcomings, he is a serious man.
2）他是个眼睛大、鼻子很高的女孩。
He is a little girl with a high nose and two big eyes.
3）看见它我就恶心,我讨厌蟑螂。
I feel sick at the sight of it, I hate cockroaches.
5、汉语中的习惯用法可灵活翻译
1）她人长得漂亮 脑子又聪明。
She is as pretty as wise.
2）这件事说起来容易做起来难。
It’s easier said than done.
3）物价飞涨的事实说明旧社会人民饱受战争之苦。
The skyrocketing prices are indicative of the untold bitterness of the people in the depth of war in
the old days.
三、汉语四字排比结构的翻译
1、并列关系翻译方法
1）形容词＋名词
①在河流的另一头，山峦交错、峡谷相连、江水汹涌。
On the other end of the river, there are full of multi-peaked mountains, joined canyons and turbulent waters.
②政府愿意在平等互利、相互开放、长期合作、共同发展的基础上，进一步加强同欧洲各国的经济合作和贸易交流。
The government stands ready to further strengthen economic cooperation and trade ties with other
European nations on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, mutual openness, long-term cooperation
and common progress.
2）名词或形容词＋in＋名词
①由于这台机器性能稳定、操作可靠、维修方便，因此受到用户的好评。
The machine has been welcomed by the users because of its stability in service, reliability in
operation and simplicity in maintenance.
②这些女式衬衫系采用上等纯丝制成，价格公道，工艺精湛，设计独特。
These silk blouses are made of pure silk of best quality. They are moderate in price, excellent
in craftsmanship and unique in designs.
3）介词短语
①这里那里，螺号阵阵，渔歌声声；近近远远，红旗飘扬，白帆点点。好一派动人的渔乐图啊！
What an exciting scene of jubilant, with the fishermen's conchs trumpeting and their songs ringing here and there, and red flags fluttering and
white sails dotting the sea far and near.
4）名词性词组
①中国移动正着手大力培养爱岗尽责、方便群众、优质服务的敬业精神。
China Mobile should vigorously foster the fine spirit, including dedication to work, and offering
convenience and fine services to the masses.
②防止个人专断和各自为政，反对有令不行、有禁不止。
To prevent the tendency to make decisions arbitrarily and go their own way and oppose the defiance
of orders and prohibitions.
5）动词短语
毛主席教导我们：必须解放思想、实事求是、扎实工作、开拓进取。
Chairman Mao said, we should emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts and work hard and creatively.
2、含有主从关系的中译英
如果汉语中的四字排比结构是围绕其中一个中心进行描述的 那么在中翻英时可以将其中的从属部分转化成伴随结构或状语结构。
如：
1）作为世界第一大洲，亚洲幅员辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富，有着巨大的发展潜力。
Asia, the largest continent in the world, is a vast land with a huge population, abundant natural
resources and enormous potential for development.
2）岸山屏列，倚天插云，峰回水转，蜿蜒而下……
…Along the banks mountains piercing the clouds stood like screen. And so the mountains ranged on,
so the river wound its way downstream…
有的四字排比结构成句出现，翻译时可以以其中的主体部分为主语展开，将其他从属部分转化成句子的各个成分。
3）自此而下，江面宽阔，水流平缓。一叶轻舟，顺流而下，沿江景色，包览无遗。
Down from here, the river becomes wide and calm. If you take a light skiff down the stream, you
will drink in the beauty along the river.
4）大批仁人志士，满腔悲愤，万种辛酸，想有所为而不能为，真是英雄无用武之地。
So many men and women with high ideals, worried and frustrated, wished to do something about it,
only to find that , able as they were, they had no chance to carry out their ideals.
3、含有因果关系的翻译方法
汉语中的四字排比结构有些含有隐性的因果关系，在翻译的时候通常是将表示原因的部分放在前面，将结果部分放在后面，中间用“导致”、“形成”、“然而”这样的词连接。如：
1）江中多滩，易阻行舟，然而急流澎湃，惊涛轰鸣，气势磅礴。
There are many hidden shoals in the river, presenting a challenge to navigators. And the surges of
the swift current and the roars of the terrifying waves achieve great momentum.
2）这里山花古松遮掩着悬崖峭壁，鸟语花香，生意昂然，一派秀丽景色。
Wild flowers and old pines on the precipice, with birds singing among them, form a beautiful scene
full of life and vitality.
4、四字排比结构的简化方法
要简化汉语四字排比结构，首先要去掉汉语中有而英语中可以不要的部分。
1）我们要建立办事高效、运转协调、行为规范的行政管理体系。
We need to set up a high efficient, well-coordinated and standardized administrative system.
2）本公司货色齐全，花色多样，任凭挑选。
We have a good assortment of goods to choose from. 谢谢分享:D有收获
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