哈佛幸福课第三课第二波~
Second reason for having positive psychology’s field of study,第二个研究积极心理学的原因
And focusing on what works and focusing on research in happiness, relationships and wellbeing is because happiness does not spontaneously rise when we take unhappiness away.
有效的，关于快乐，人际关系，幸福研究的原因是：幸福不会因为赶走了忧愁而自动增长
Second reason for having positive psychology’s field of study and focusing on what works and focusing on research on happiness, relationships and wellbeing is because happiness does not spontaneously rise when we take unhappiness away.
第二个研究积极心理学，研究可行的事和研究快乐，人际关系和幸福的原因是幸福不会由于驱散了忧愁而自动增长。
Now happiness and unhappiness, or happiness and neurosis, psychosis and depression, are interconnected, of course.
幸福与忧愁，快乐与紧张，精神病与抑郁，都有很大的内在关系。
It is very difficult to be happy if we are experiencing severe depression or anxiety.
如果我们感觉很压抑或焦虑，那么快乐就并不容易。
So there are certainly interconnected.
他们必然是有关联的。
However, just get rid of the anxiety and the depression will not in and of itself make us happy, which is the conventional wisdom today, which is the conventional wisdom of many psychologists practicing psychologies.
然而，单单只是摆脱焦虑与压抑并不会使我们快乐。这一点算是传统的常识了，是很多从业的心理学家会了解的一点常识。
Well, let’s just get rid of that depression and everything will be fine. It won’t.
摆脱抑郁，一切就会变得更好。但事实并非如此。
The analogy to explain this is think about the ability to enjoy food. A gourmet meal.
解释这一点的一个例子是享受美食的能力，享受一顿美味大餐。
Now, if we have indigestion, it’s very difficult to enjoy food.So, yes, we need to get rid of the indigestion.
如果我们消化不良，那就很难享受美食。因此我们得先治好消化不良。
However, that in and of itself that does not guarantee us that we enjoy food. We have to go out and eat the gourmet food to enjoy it.
然而，治好消化不良并不保证我们就能享受美食。要享受美味大餐，就得出去吃。
Just getting rid of the indigestion is not sufficient. We need the next step. In many ways we can look at most of our experiences, psychological effective experiences on a continuum, where some of them fall below the zero, the negative experiences or painful experiences and the positive experiences or pleasurable experiences between the zero and the positive.
只是治愈消化不良远远不够，还有做好下一步的事情。可以从多方面来看我们的经验，在心理连续谱上看有效心理经验，有时候会跌到零一下。不愉快或痛苦的经历，积极或愉快的经历分别在零和正值之间。
Neurosis, anger, anxiety, depression, psychosis to name a few. On the negative side, the painful side, wellbeing, satisfaction, joy, excitement, happiness on the other side which is the positive psychology studies.
紧张，愤怒，焦虑，压抑，神经病，这些消极和痛苦的方面。幸福，满足，愉悦，兴奋，快乐属于另一方面，也就是积极心理学研究的方面。
Again, getting rid of negative does not guarantee us the positive, which is why already in the 1940s, David Henry Thoreau wrote that most men lead lives of quiet desperation.
再一次强调，摆脱消极不能保证我们变得积极，因此早在19世纪40年代，梭罗认为大多数人都活在沉默的压抑中。
Well, it’s OK. There is nothing really wrong. But it just somewhere there is the words of Pink Floyd “people are comfortably numb”. Comfortably numb. Not enough. How can we get beyond that “comfortably numb”? How can we get beyond that “quiet desperation”? To excitement, to joy, to happiness?
这是没错，但是弗洛伊德说过：“人们在舒适地麻木。”舒适地麻木。还不止如此。我们要怎样摆脱这种“舒适地麻木”和沉默的压抑，得到振奋，快乐和幸福？
In order to do that, we need to cultivate these traits. Once again, they don’t spontaneously emerge once the painful experiences go away. And that is why we need positive psychology.
为了达到这个目的，我们需用心经营这些情感因素。再说一次，幸福不会自动出现。并不是没了痛苦就能感到幸福。这就是我们需要积极心理学的原因。
Positive psychology essentially focuses on the health model, salutogenesis. What is the source of health, physical, psychological, emotional?
积极心理学本质上就是健康模型-----健康本源学。健康，生理，心理和情感之源是什么？
How do we get people to flourish, intellectually, emotionally, psychologically, interpersonally, intra-personally?
我们如何让人们从智力上，情感上，心理上，人际关系上，人格上全面发展？
How do we get them to thrive beyond just getting rid of what is not working in their lives?
我们如何让他们全面发展而不仅仅是帮他们摆脱生活中不尽人意的事？
And under that model we see, to extremes on many levels.
根据该模型，我们在许多层面上都走了极端。
Here, the first level: do we focus on weaknesses, which was the disease model, say let’s get rid of weaknesses? Or do we focus on strength?
第一层次：我们是否重视缺点，也就是疾病模型所说的我们要摆脱的缺点？或者说，我们是否专注于优点？
While you ask people this question, and this was done by the Gallup organization. A poll----global poll, whether it’s in Japan, China, United States or Europe: most people think that it’s more important to focus on their weakness if they are to succeed. Big mistake.
当你问别人这个问题，盖洛普组织做了这项研究，一项全球民意调查显示，无论是在日本，中国，美国或者欧洲，大多数人认为，如果要成功，注重自己的缺点比优点更重要。大错特错。
People who focus primarily, mot only----remember the “also”-----who shift the pendulum, who focus more on their strength, are not only happier, they are also, on the long run, more successful. It applies to leadership as well.
那些同时注重自己优点的人，改变那个比率的人，更注重优点的人，不仅更开心，从长远看他们也更成功。这同样适用于领导能力。
Positive psychology says let’s focus also on our strength at least as much. In an organization, as well as on the individual level, are we focusing most on overcoming deficiencies or building the competencies----what we are good at-----getting better at it?
积极心理学认为，我们至少注重优点的程度要和注重缺点一样多。无论是组织还是个人自身，我们最注重的是克服缺点还是培养才能？我们擅长什么并是否取得了进步？
What our national inclination, individually or orangnizationally-----do we focus on that and then build on that.
个人或组织的自然倾向是什么-----我们是否更注重自己的自然倾向？
Again, tie to success as well as wellbeing if we are more toward the positive side. How do we live our lives? Running away from painful experiences? Or actively seeking pleasure? Running away from unhappiness? Or adhering to the Declaration and pursuing happiness?
注重健康的同时也要注重幸福，如果我们是较为积极的话。我们如何活出自己的精彩？摆脱痛苦的经历？或积极寻找快乐？摆脱悲伤？还是遵循宣言行事来追求幸福？
Now that may look quite similar -----for example, someone may be working 80 hours a week, running away from something, running away from issue at home, running away from dealing intra-personal issue, and then may look exactly the same as the person who works 80 hours a week and who’s extremely passionate about what she does.
举个例子，下面的两种人看起来非常相似。某人可能每周工作80小时。他习惯逃避。逃避家事，逃避处理私事。但他看起来却和下面这种人一样。她每周工作80小时，对工作充满热情。
May look the same but from the inside, they feel very different. One is the disease model: let’s run away from what is not working. The other is the health model: let’s pursue my passions, what I love to do.
表面看来他们一样，但他们内心感受却不同。一种是疾病模型：让我们逃避不如意的事。另一种是健康模型：让我们追求激情，追求喜欢做得事。
The disease model, the optimum level is the zero: let’s just be OK; let’s just be hurt.
对疾病模型而言，最优水平是零。我们都平平安安，别受伤就好。
And again, that’s important to get rid of hurt. It‘s important to get rid of depression. But with the health model, they are saying that’s not enough; let’s go beyond that. Let’s go to the excitement, to the fun. Because ideal is not just a tensionless state. It is the creative tension.
再次强调，免受伤害是非常重要，摆脱抑郁非常重要。但依健康模式来看，这是不够的。让我们超越那种程度。让我们兴奋起来，快乐起来。因为理想状态并不只是放松。它是创造性的紧张状态。
We’ll talk about it; we’ll read about it. When we do “flow”. Flow is a state where we are excited, where we are engaging what we are doing, where it’s more than being” comfortably numb”.
我们会谈到它，会读到相关的文章。当我们“沉迷”之时，那就是我们感到兴奋为所做之事着迷的状态，大大超越了“舒适地麻木”
In fact, it’s a little bit uncomfortable. It’s being outside of our comfort zone. It’s being in our stretch zone----not the panic zone, where it hurts-----the stretch zone, where there is excitement, where there’s some nervousness. There is also growth there.
事实上，在那种状态下会有点不舒适。那是在我们舒适趣之外的，可算是我们的延伸地带，不是会让人受伤的恐慌地带，而是延伸地带。其中有兴奋，还有点紧张，还可能会有成长。
So what do you want? Where do you want to go? What do you want to pursue? Do you want to run away from pleasure-----run away from pain? Do you want to run away from unhappiness? Or do you want to pursue happiness and pleasure? Do you want to focus primarily on your deficiencies or your weakness? Or your strength?
所以，你的目的是什么？你想要去哪里？追求什么？想逃避愉悦吗？逃避痛苦吗？还是你想追求幸福和快乐？是更注重自己的不足之处？还是更注重优点？
What is the optimum? What is the ideal? Is there a glass ceiling----the zero? Or can it go on and on-----more excitement, more enjoyment, more passion?
什么是最有利的选择？理想状态？有无形的障碍和零点吗？还是可以继续，寻求更多的刺激，享受和激情？
Now there is something frightening about the health model. Because there is no limit and there is less prescription there certainly today than in the disease model.
有一些关于健康模型的可怕说法。因为没有界限，如今它的使用程度也远比疾病模型少。
Positive psychology, the field of health psychology is in infancy. There’s much more research, much more advice on how to get rid of depression and how I pursue my strength.
积极心理学的研究还处于初级阶段，而且有更多的研究是关于如何摆脱抑郁和发展自己的优点。
But fortunately, again, this is why positive psychology as a network of scholar applying themselves to these ideas and ideals, it’s so important, because today you’ll see throughout the semester that there are so many more tools that we can apply to our lives, to go beyond the zero.
但是幸运的是，这就死为什么要学习积极心理学，大量的学者致力于研究这些观点。它意义非凡，因为今天你们会看到整个学期的概览，有很多方法可以让我们的生活质量达到正值。
That’s not all.
这还不是全部。
So I said there are three reasons.
我讲过有三个原因，
It`s about where we focus, focus creats reality;
关键在于我们侧重点，侧重点创造现实
It`s about happiness is not just a negation of unhappiness;
快乐并不只是对不快乐的否定；
The third reason why positive psychology is important
积极心理学之所以重要的第三个原因是
is because positive psychology and the areas that we study and more importantly, apply within the field of positive psychology,
是因为积极心理学以及与积极心理学相关的领域，
do not just take us from the zero to the positive。
不仅使我们从零点上升为正值，
They also help us deal with the negative.
还能帮助我们应付消极情绪。
They help us deal with anxiety, depression and painful experiences and emotions.
应付焦虑不安，抑郁，痛苦的经历和情感问题。
When we cultivate the positive,
当我们培养出积极性，
we are essentially focusing on prevention.
我们在根本上注重的是自我防御。
Let me explain.
让我解释一下。
What has been found over last 10 years
在过去10多年的研究中我们发现
and a little bit longer is the most effective way of actually
处理不断增加的抑郁病例
dealing with a rising levels of depression in our culture,
个体的抑郁或焦虑
with individual depression or anxiety is actually not to
最有效的方法是
Focus on the depression and anxiety directly
不要直接专注于抑郁和焦虑
that is important as well.
这点也很重要。
It was found that the most effective way of dealing with this phenomenon was actually
发现证明处理这种现象最有效的方法
to cultivate the positive, to cultivate the personal strengths,
培养积极性和个人优点，
to cultivate and identify one`s passions,
培养激情
to ask a question such as “what is meaningful to me in my life?
去提出一些问题例如“什么对我的人生是有意义的？
What`s my purpose? Why am I here?
我的目的是什么？我为什么在这里？
What do I really want to do once I graduate? ”
毕业后我真正想做的是什么？”
People who ask these question
那些提出这些问题
and spend time on these question
并下功夫思考这些问题的人
are much more likely to begin a quest
所追求的
that is not the avoid of painful emotions
不是避免痛苦
no quest is
而是
but the quest is more enjoyable, more pleasurable,
追求更多快乐
more meaningful and also, more successful as it turns out
是生活更有意义，更成功。
But more importantly, more successful in
更重要的是，我将“更成功”
what I call “the ultimate currency”,
称之为“终极货币”
just as the currency of happiness and wellbeing.
正如快乐货币和幸福货币一样。
The reason is because there are two different approaches
究其原因，是因为有两种不同的方法
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