E-C公共课程第一辑第一波~
E-C 公共课程第一辑Positive Psychology – Lecture 3
Good morning, everyone.
早上好，各位同学。
This semester has started, officially today. Glad to see you here.
这学期从今天起正式开始了，很高兴在这里见到大家。
Just a couple of announce, and also hi to the extension school students.
只是做一些说明，也向进修学院的同学们打声招呼。
And last time we said hi to New Zealand. Today we are saying hi to Ireland.
上次我们跟新西兰的同学打了招呼，今天也轮到爱尔兰的同学了。
In terms of sectioning for the undergrads and graduate students here, you’ll get an email from Sean Achor tomorrow.
先说一下本科生和研究生的分组问题，你们明天将会收到塞恩?阿科的邮件。
And you’ll put in your section preference, we are sectioning this weekend.
你们讲自己的兴趣爱好志愿填好，我们在这周会分好小组。
So, it will be important that you submit your top preference, and next week we are starting.
所以说，你的第一志愿将会非常重要，下周我们就开始。
So, last time, if you remember the question that we ask that the guiding question was” why positive psychology?”
如果你们还记得上次我们讨论的主要问题“为什么要学习积极心理学？”
And I mentioned 3 reasons: why we need it as an independent field as opposed to just being…”
我提到了三个原因：为什么我们把积极心理学作为一个独立的领域去研究而不是…
Well, let’s do some studies on happiness, on relationships as it is always being done?
这样讲，我们为什么不像惯常其他地方一样去研究爱情，研究幸福？
The reason why we need positive psychology is to shift the pendulum from the 21:1 ratio that we have today for everyone study on depression or anxiety.
我们需要研究积极心理学，目的是去改变现在每项关于抑郁或焦虑研究中21比1的比率。
We have 21 studies on—sorry,
我们每有21项研究 对不起，
For one study on happiness or wellbeing, we have 21 studies on depression and anxiety.
我们每每有一项关于快乐幸福的研究，就会有21项关于抑郁或焦虑的研究。
We want to shift the pendulum slightly.
我们想稍微地改变一下这样的比例。
And I mentioned 3 reasons why we want to shift this pendulum despite the fact that there are rising levels of depression around the world, that anxiety has become epidemic globally, on college campuses in United States, China, Australia, UK.
我提到过关于我们想去改变这个比率的三个原因，尽管世界上有越来越多的人感到抑郁，而焦虑就像全球性传染病，遍布在全球高校，在美国，在中国，在澳大利亚，在英国。
Despite that fact, I argue that we need to shift the pendulum, and do more “positive research”, or in other words, research that focus on what works.
虽然事实如此，但我还是建议我们能努力改变这样的现状，做更多的“积极研究”，或者说，
集中研究一些可行的事。
And the reason is—the first reason that we gave and we are just finishing up is because the question that we ask, whether it’s the research questions that we ask, or the questions that we ask of ourselves, or our partners, matter.
原因在于—— 刚才我们讨论过的原因是我们提出的问题很重要，无论它是不是我们的研究问题，或为了自己，或为了我们的伙伴而问。
And if our only questions, or primarily our questions are ”what is not working? What is the problem? Why are so many kids failing as a result of their circumstances?”
如果我们只问同一类型问题，或只是问“有哪些没有做好的事？出了什么问题？为什么那么多孩子因为成长环境而堕落？”
If we only ask these questions, we will miss, literally miss an important part of reality, just like you missed the children on the bus in the exercise. Most of you did.
如果我们只问了这些问题，就会错过现实中很重要的部分，就像你们在练习中没看到公车上的孩子一样，你们中的大多数都没看到。
And if we also ask the positive question, then some new possibilities, new quests open up.
如果我们也问积极问题，那就会出现新的可能性，新的探索。
Just like they did for the researchers when they started to ask, no longer” why do so many individuals fail?”
就像他们对研究学者所问的一样,不再去问“为什么有这么多人堕落？”
But started to ask” what do some individuals do and succeed?”
而是去问“那些人是怎样成功的？”
Why do some individuals succeed despite the unfavorable circumstances?
成长环境如此恶劣的情况下，这些人如何能成功？
And then we have the story of Marva Collins, who exemplifies so many of themes that we will talk about throughout the course.
我们会以Marva Collins为例，她的事迹可以例证许多能够整个贯穿我们整节课的观点。
What Marva Collins did was help her students shift from the passive victim—you are victims of your circumstances, of your upbringing, neighborhood, country, whatever it is—from a passive to an active agent.
Marva Collins做的事，就是将她的学生从消极情绪受害者转化为积极，这种由环境引起的消极情绪受害者，也许因为是你的家庭教育，邻里关系，也许是因为社会环境。
Yes, it’s difficult. It’s tough. It’s unfair.
是的，这很困难，很艰苦，很不公平。
However, it’s your responsibility. No one is coming.
但这是你的责任，没有人会来帮你。
It’s up to you to make that difference in your life.
能否改变自己的人生，由你自己做主。
And she made a difference to thousands of people’s lives, and continues to do so.
但她改变了千千万万人的人生，现在还依然这样做着。
In other words, if we look at the case of Chicago school system where Marva Collins was teaching.
换句话说，如果我们看着Marva Collins执教的芝加哥学院体制
The conventional, traditional question was—if you remember—
还是那个老问题——如果你还记得
How can we keep these students in school for as long as possible?
我们怎样可以让在校学生留得久一点？
How can we keep them in school beyond the age of 10 or 12 so that don’t join street gangs?
如何让他们在十岁或者十二岁还留在学校，避免接触社会帮派？
So that they are not hurt by drugs or crime?
让他们远离毒品和犯罪？
How can we keep them safe at school?
如何才能使他们安全地留在学校？
An important question to ask. However, not enough.
这是个重要的问题，但还不止如此
Marva Collins comes along and reframes the question.
Marva Collins重新定义这个问题
And her question becomes” how can we cultivate the seed of greatness in our student?”
她的问题变成了“我们如何培养学生，如何激发他们的潜能？”
And that, once again, made all the difference, because she saw the seed of greatness in each student.
再一次，她的问题让一切变得不同，因为她看到了每个学生的潜能。
She saw the strength, the virtues in each single student.
她看到了每个学生的有点和品质。
A seed, strength , a virtue, a competence that other teachers did not see,
潜能 优点 品德 能力, 这些都是其他老师所没能看到的。
Because they did not ask this question, because they asked, metaphorically speaking,
因为他们没有问到这个问题，比如说，他们只会问
How many geometric shapes do you see on the screen
你在屏幕上能看到多少个几何图案？
And they completely missed the children on the bus
他们完全忽略了公车上的孩子
They completely missed the seed of greatness
完全忽略了学生的潜能
And when we don’t see the seed of greatness,
如果当我们看不到学生的潜能
When we don’t water it and shed a light on it, it withers and dies，Which is unfortunately the fate of most human potential.
当我们不浇水，不照料它,它就会枯萎而死,遗憾的是，大部分人类潜能都因此而被磨灭。
Wherever we go, that is the fate of most human potential—interpersonally, relationships, in most organizations, in most universities, in most individuals.
不论我们在哪里，这就是大部分人类潜能的遭遇——人与人之间，很多团体中，很多大学里或者人们自己这些潜能都因为忽视而被磨灭。
Questions make a difference, which is why it is also important to ask the positive psychology question, which is the salutogenic question: what is source of health? What is the source of success? What is the source of wellbeing?
问题改变一切，这就是为什么我们要积极心理学角度去问问题，也就是“健康创成”的问题:健康源于什么？成功源于什么？幸福源于什么？
So that’s the first reason.
这就是第一个原因
The second reason—before I go to the second reason,
第二个原因——在我说之前
if Marva Collins is here today, here is the question she would be asking us: how can we cultivate the seed of greatness in ourselves and families, in our communities and organizations, in our nation and in our world?
如果今天Marva Collins在场，她会问这样一个问题：我们如何在自身在家庭，在社会集团中，在国家和世界中发掘潜能呢？
And when we ask this question—this very important question—suddenly we see possibilities that we didn’t see before.
而当我们问这个问题，这个重要的问题时，我们就会看到之前所没能看到的潜能。
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