Three scientists share 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medincine
Beutler, born in 1957 in Chicago, the United States, graduated from University of Chicago and worked as a scientist at Rockefeller University in New York and the University of Texas in Dallas where he discovered the LPS receptor. He is professor of genetics and immunology at the Scripps Research Institute in the United States.Hoffmann, born in Luxembourg in 1941, graduated from University of Strasbourg in France and was a laboratory leader in Strasbourg from 1974 to 2009. He was President of the French National Academy of Sciences from 2007 to 2008.
Born in 1943 in Montreal, Canada, Steinman studied at McGill University first and then at Harvard Medical School in Boston. He has been affiliated with Rockefeller University in New York since 1970. He has been professor of immunology at this institution since 1988 and is also director of the center for Immunology and Immune Diseases.
The winners of the physics prize will be announced on Tuesday, to be followed by those for chemistry on Wednesday, literature on Thursday, peace on Friday and economics next Monday.
The annual Nobel Prizes are usually announced in October and are handed out on Dec. 10, the anniversary of the 1896 death of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish industrialist and the inventor of dynamite.
Nobel died childless and dedicated his vast fortune to create "prizes to those, who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind."
The prizes have been awarded since 1901. Each prize consists of a medal, a personal diploma and a cash award of 10 million Swedish kronor (about 1.46 million U.S. dollars).
Source: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/health/2011-10/03/c_131173167_2.htm
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